Infinitive and Gerund

O infinitivo é a forma original do verbo. Pode aparecer na frase com ou sem o “to”. O gerúndio é o verbo com a terminação –ing. O infinitivo com “to” é de uso mais amplo aparecendo após a grande maioria do verbos, adjetivos, advérbios, nomes, pronomes.
Após alguns verbos podemos usar apenas o INFINITIVE ou apenas o GERUND.
Alguns verbos admitem o uso tanto do infinitive quanto do gerund sem nenhuma diferença no seu significado e alguns verbos admitem o uso de ambos, mas com mudança de significado. Não é necessário memorizar listas, (as listas abaixo são apenas para consulta) conforme o uso isto vai sendo assimilado.

Verbos seguidos de INFINITIVE She agreed to speak before the game.
agree aim appear arrange ask attempt be able beg begin care choose condescend	consent continue dare decide deserve detest dislike expect fail get happen	have hesitate hope hurry intend leap leave long mean neglect	offer ought plan prefer prepare proceed promise propose refuse say	shoot strive swear threaten use wait want wish

Verbos seguidos de GERUND
admit	He admitted having driven too fast.
avoid	They avoid going on holiday on Saturdays.
carry on	If we carry on sleeping so badly, we may need help.
consider	Ralph considers buying a new house.
delay	I delayed telling Bob the news.
deny	She denies reading the book.
dislike	We dislike reading poems.
can't help	He couldn't help falling in love with her.
enjoy	I enjoy playing chess.
finish	They finished working in the garden.
give up	Susan gives up playing ice-hockey.
imagine	He imagined driving a new car.
include	Your responsibility includes taking reservations on the phone.
involve	The project will involve growing plants.
justify	I cannot justify paying $100 for this ticket.
keep (on)	They keep on running.
mention	Did Alex ever mention playing baseball?
mind	I don't mind sleeping on the couch.
miss	They miss playing with their friends.
practice	She practiced playing hockey.
regret	Do you regret having mentioned it?
risk	You risk catching a cold.
suggest	She suggested flying to Cairo.

Usamos Gerund ou Infinitive após os verbos:
begin	He began talking. He began to talk.
continue	They continue smoking. They continue to smoke.
hate	Do you hate working on Saturdays? Do you hate to work on Saturdays?
like	I like swimming. I like to swim.
love	She loves painting. She loves to paint.
prefer	Pat prefers walking home. Pat prefers to walk home.
start	They start singing. They start to sing.

We use the Gerund or the Infinitive after the following verbs. There are two possible structures after these verbs. Gerund: verb + -ing Infinitive: verb + person + to-infinitive
advise	They advise walking to town. They advise us to walk to town.
allow	They do not allow smoking here. They do not allow us to smoke here.
encourage	They encourage doing the test. They encourage us to do the test.
permit	They do not permit smoking here. They do not permit us to smoke here.

We use the following structures with the word recommend:

recommend

They recommend walking to town. They recommend that we walk to town.

Muitos verbos podem ser seguidos tanto por GERUNDS como por INFINITIVES. Em alguns casos, como com REMEMBER, FORGET, STOP, TRY isto pode mudar totalmente o sentido da sentença.

REMEMBER/FORGET + GERUND - lembranças do passado.
 I remember closing the door.

(Eu me lembro de ter fechado a porta.)

REMEMBER/FORGET + INFINITIVE - ações no futuro
Remember to give him the message tomorrow. 

(Lembre-se de dar o recado a ele amanhã.)

Don't forget to feed the dog.
(Não se esqueça de alimentar o cachorro.)

STOP + GERUND - terminar ou abandonar uma ação
 We stopped dancing because we were tired. 
(Paramos de dançar porque estávamos cansados.)

STOP + INFINITIVE - executar uma nova ação
 I stopped to tie my shoelace.
(Eu parei para amarrar meu sapato.)

TRY + GERUND - experimentar; executar uma ação para ver qual será o resultado.

Try sending her some flowers.(Tente mandá-la flores.)

TRY + INFINITIVE - tentar algo; descobrir se algo é possível
 I tried to stroke the cat, but he ran away 

(Eu tentei fazer carinho no gato, mas ele fugiu.)

Verbs Followed by a Preposition and a Gerund We concentrated on doing well.
admit to approve of argue about believe in care about complain about concentrate on confess to	depend on disapprove of discourage from dream about feel like forget about insist on object to	plan on prevent (someone) from refrain from succeed in talk about think about worry about